Fudan Logic Seminar 2022
December 14
Yu Wei 魏宇
Time: 15:00 - 18:00. Location: HGW2403.
Do you know my name?: Quantifier-free epistemic term-modal logic with assignment operator
In standard epistemic logic, the names and the existence of agents are usually assumed to be common knowledge implicitly. This is unreasonable for various applications in computer science and philosophy. In this talk, inspired by term-modal logic and assignment operators in dynamic logic, we introduce a lightweight modal predicate logic where names can be non-rigid, and the existence of agents can be uncertain. The language can handle various de dicto/de re distinctions in a natural way. We characterize the expressive power of our language (which can, for example, express the meta-level notion “existence” and something just like Barcan formula & Converse Barcan formula without any quantifiers), obtain complete axiomatizations of the logics over several classes of varying-domain/constant-domain epistemic models, and show their (un)decidability. This is joint work with Yanjing Wang and Jeremy Seligman.
November 29
Wei Li 李伟
Time: 14:00 - 17:00. Tencent Meeting: 615 646 792.
On the Luroth Problem for Partial Differential Fields
In 1875, J. Luroth proved the well-known Luroth's theorem, which states that every subfield of the rational function field in one variable is a simple extension. Geometrically, the Luroth's theorem means a unirational curve is always rational. Around 1940s, Ritt and Kolchin proved the ordinary differential version of Luroth's theorem, and thus unirational differential curves rational. But as Kolchin pointed out, the Luroth's theorem ceases to hold for partial differential fields. A natural question arises: under what conditions are unirational partial differential curves rational?
In this talk, we present our partial differential Luroth's theorem in both theoretical and algorithmic aspects. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition for a subfield of a partial differential rational function field to be a simple extension. This result generalizes Ritt and Kolchin’s classical differential Luroth's theorem. We then give an algorithm to decide whether a given finitely generated differential subfield admits a Luroth generator, and in the affirmative case, to compute a Luroth generator. As an application, we solve the problem of deciding whether a unirational partial differential curve is rational.
October 18
Time: 15:30 - 17:00. Zoom Meeting: 847 0772 1155, passcode: 200433.
Intuitionistic inductive definitions
I reconstruct Brouwer's and Heyting's views on inductive definitions, and compare them with (a) the neutral constructive one, and (b) the operationalist one of Lorenzen and Heinzmann. This leads to the following conclusions about the intuitionistic view: (1) The clauses must be understood neither as propositions nor as permissions, but as instructions. Put differently, inductive definitions are governed by the grammar of the imperative. (2) An extremal clause then is redundant, and there is no concern over nonstandard iterations of the clauses. (3) The permissive aspect of the definition is no part of the meaning of the rules of which it consists, but lies in our freedom to undertake the construction of the defined object or not.
September 14
Haosui Duanmu 端木昊随
Time: 15:00 - 18:00. Location: HGW2401. Zoom Meeting: 857 7614 6788, passcode: 200433.
Applications of Nonstandard Analysis in Economics, Probability and Statistics
Nonstandard analysis, a powerful machinery derived from mathematical logic, has had many applications in various areas of mathematics such as probability theory, stochastic processes, mathematical physics, functional analysis, and mathematical economics. Nonstandard analysis allows construction of a single object — a hyperfinite probability space — which satisfies all the first order logical properties of a finite probability space, but which can be simultaneously viewed as a measure-theoretical probability space via the Loeb construction. As a consequence, the hyperfinite/measure duality has proven to be particularly in porting discrete results into their continuous settings. We present two applications of this novel approach:
(1) Extending the stable matching lemma to the infinite markets setting;
(2) Existence of Walrasian equilibrium for production economy models that are specific to climate change.
Finally, we breifly discuss other applications of nonstandard analysis to Markov
processes, statistical decision theory and economic dynamics.
July 3
Zhixing You 游志兴
Time: 15:00 - 18:00. Zoom Meeting: 979 6001 0897, passcode: 213140.
强紧基数之旅
反射性是数学中最基本的研究对象之一。这类性质常常与大基数（特别是强紧基数）密切相关。为了更好地刻画一些性质的反射性，Bagaria 和 Magidor 引入了强紧基数的一个弱化版本：$\delta$-强紧基数。进一步的研究表明$\delta$-强紧基数本身也有着奇怪而有趣的性质。比如，最小的$\delta$-强紧基数可以不是正则基数，因而也可以不是强紧基数。在本报告中，我们将介绍相关的背景，探索这类强紧基数的一些基本性质以及这类强紧基数之间的关系，并对Bagaria和Magidor，Boney-Unger以及Brook Taylor的几个公开问题给出回答。